Bibliographic record
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common Mendelian disorder of the kidney and affects all racial groups worldwide. It is characterized by focal development of renal and extrarenal cysts in an age-dependent manner. Typically, only a few renal cysts are detected in most affected individuals before 30 yr of age. However, by the fifth decade of life, hundreds to thousands of renal cysts will be found in the majority of patients. ADPKD is genetically heterogeneous. Mutations of two genes, PKD1 and PKD2, account for approximately 85 and 15% of cases, respectively. Although the clinical manifestations of these two genotypes overlap completely, patients with PKD1 have much more severe renal disease compared with those with PKD2, as evidenced by their ESRD occurring approximately 15 yr earlier. Renal ultrasonography commonly is used for the assessment of ADPKD, and age-dependent ultrasound diagnostic criteria with high sensitivity and specificity have been established for individuals who are born with 50% risk for PKD1. Although these diagnostic criteria are used widely for genetic counseling and for the evaluation of at-risk individuals as living-related kidney donors to their affected relatives, their application to individuals who are at risk for PKD2 or have undefined genotype needs to be refined further. Molecular genetic testing is available for ADPKD and may be useful for evaluation of at-risk individuals with equivocal imaging results, younger at-risk individuals as a living-related kidney donor, and individuals with atypical or de novo renal cystic disease.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".