Role of Blood Pressure Reduction in Prevention of Cardiac and Vascular Hypertrophy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated whether prevention of cardiac and vascular remodeling associated with inhibition of angiotensin II is independent of the blood pressure (BP)-lowering action of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockade. Spontaneously hypertensive rats, 8 weeks old, were treated with olmesartan, atenolol, or vehicle in their drinking water for 56 days. At the end of each treatment, arterial pressure and heart rate were measured, the ratio of heart weight to body weight was calculated, collagen deposition in the heart was determined histochemically using picrosirius red staining, and wall-to-lumen ratio in isolated mesenteric arteries was measured by a videographic approach. At 3 weeks after the initiation of treatment, rats medicated with olmesartan showed lower values of systolic BP compared with rats given atenolol or vehicle, whereas no difference in directly measured BP were observed at the end of study in anesthetized rats given olmesartan or atenolol. Rats given atenolol showed sustained bradycardia, whereas cardiac hypertrophy and collagen deposition was prevented only in spontaneously hypertensive rats given olmesartan. Olmesartan or atenolol reduced arteriolar wall-to-lumen ratio (olmesartan: 11.5+/-0.4%; atenolol: 13.3+/-0.6%; vehicle: 18.4%+/-1.1); however, this effect was greatest in rats medicated with the angiotensin II type 1 antagonist. Although control of BP is a factor in the prevention of cardiac and vascular hypertrophy, our studies suggest that blockade of angiotensin II receptors may attenuate the structural changes in the heart and blood vessels of hypertensive animals independent of a reduction in BP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".