Explaining the Violent Conflicts in Nigeria’s Niger Delta: Is the Rentier State Theory and the Resource-curse Thesis Relevant?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the early 1970s when crude oil became Nigeria’s main source of foreign exchange, it soon joined the league table of rentier states. However, beginning from the second half of the 1990s to date, the Niger Delta, the heartbeat and the engine that drives Nigeria’s economy has being stormed by large scale tsunamis of unimaginable proportion due to militant activities. Consequently, Nigeria’s quest for unity, stability, national security and accelerated economic development are being undermined. This article explores the relevance of the rentier state theory and the resource-Curse thesis to explaining essence of the renewed violence in the Niger Delta. The article concludes that, although the basic assumptions of the rentier state theory and resource-curse thesis are relevant, there are other salient factors that are also paramount. Key words: Rentier state; Resource curse; Oil resource; Violent conflict; Niger delta Resume: Depuis le debut des annees 1970 lorsque le petrole brut est devenu la principale source du Nigeria de change constants, il est bientot rejoint le tableau de la ligue des Etats rentiers. Cependant, a partir de la seconde moitie des annees 1990 a ce jour, le delta du Niger, le battement de coeur et le moteur de l'economie du Nigeria a ete pris d'assaut par les tsunamis a grande echelle de proportion inimaginable en raison des activites militantes. Par consequent, la quete du Nigeria pour l'unite, la stabilite, la securite nationale et d'accelerer le developpement economique sont compromis. Cet article explore la pertinence de la theorie de l'etat de rentiers et de la these malediction des ressources pour expliquer l'essence de la violence renouvelee dans le delta du Niger. L'article conclut que, bien que les hypotheses de base de la theorie de l'etat de rentiers et de la malediction des ressources these sont pertinentes, il ya d'autres facteurs importants qui sont egalement primordiaux. Mots cles: Etat rentier; Malediction des ressources; Les ressources petrolieres; Les conflits violents; Le delta du Niger
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".