Cyanobacteria and BMAA: Possible linkage with avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) in the south-eastern United States
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Avian vacuolar myelinopathy (AVM) is a neurological disease that produces uncoordinated behavior in affected birds in wetland ecosystems of the south-eastern United States. Feeding and sentinel trials, field surveys, and genetic studies have implicated the introduced flowering plant species Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) and an associated epiphytic cyanobacterial species (Order Stigonematales) as a causal link to AVM. All five morphotypes of cyanobacteria have been shown to produce the neurotoxic amino acid BMAA, including cyanobacteria of the Stigonematales that are epiphytic on Hydrilla verticillata. If biomagnification of BMAA occurs in these wetland ecosystems, as has been observed in the Guam ecosystem, then the consumption of fish (e.g. shad and herring) and waterfowl (e.g. Canada geese and mallards) from AVM-confirmed reservoirs in Arkansas, Texas, Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina could represent a significant human health risk.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".