Development and Use of a Multiplex Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Detection and Differentiation of <i>Porcine Circovirus</i> -2 Genotypes 2a and 2b in an Epidemiological Survey
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
By the end of 2004, the Canadian swine population had experienced a severe increase in the incidence of Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), a problem that was associated with the emergence of a new Porcine circovirus-2 genotype (PCV-2b), previously unrecovered in North America. Thus, it became important to develop a diagnostic tool that could differentiate between the old and new circulating genotypes (PCV-2a and PCV-2b, respectively). Consequently, a multiplex real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (mrtqPCR) assay that could sensitively and specifically identify and differentiate PCV-2 genotypes was developed. A retrospective epidemiologic survey that used the mrtqPCR assay was performed to determine if cofactors could affect the risk of PCVAD. From 121 PCV-2-positive cases gathered for this study, 4.13%, 92.56%, and 3.31% were positive for PCV-2a, PCV-2b, and both genotypes, respectively. In a data analysis using univariate logistic regressions, the PCVAD-compatible (PCVAD/c) score was significantly associated with the presence of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), PRRSV viral load, PCV-2 viral load, and PCV-2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) results. Polytomous logistic regression analysis revealed that PCVAD/c score was affected by PCV-2 viral load (P = 0.0161) and IHC (P = 0.0128), but not by the PRRSV variables (P > 0.9), which suggests that mrtqPCR in tissue is a reliable alternative to IHC. Logistic regression analyses revealed that PCV-2 increased the odds ratio of isolating 2 major swine pathogens of the respiratory tract, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Streptococcus suis serotypes 1/2, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7, which are serotypes commonly associated with clinical diseases.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it