Quantification of the effects of structure on the compression of a stiff clay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A detailed analysis was made of the compression behaviour of London Clay from oedometer tests, investigating the effects of the clay structure through comparisons between the behaviour of the intact soil and that of the same soil in a reconstituted state. The normalizing parameters commonly used in the literature to analyze the effects of structure on the compression behaviour of clays were found not to represent accurately the real behaviour of those clays that have a gradual yield in compression and require very high stresses to reach and cross the intrinsic compression line. For these soils, it is often difficult to identify a clear yield stress and the effects arising from the structure of the intact material may be concealed by the effects arising from the sample depth and the curvature of the intrinsic compression line at high stresses. A new normalizing parameter is introduced that refers the compression of the natural soil to the intrinsic swelling behaviour and the intrinsic compression line of the material. This was found to better represent the enhanced resistance of the intact material in compression while not requiring numerous loading and unloading stages in the oedometer tests as required by other methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".