The Electrochemical Reactivity of 6.0 wt% Gd-Doped UO<sub>2</sub>in Aqueous Carbonate/Bicarbonate Solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of gadolinium doping on the anodic reactivity of UO2 in aqueous carbonate solutions has been investigated voltammetrically, potentiostatically, by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanism of oxidation/dissolution is the same as on undoped UO2 and lightly doped SIMFUEL (doped UO2) but the reactivity is significantly reduced. This is attributed to the formation of GdIII-Oxygen vacancy (OV) clusters which limits the availability of these vacancies required to accommodate excess O2− during matrix oxidation to UIV1−2xUV2xO2+x. The subsequent reaction of this oxidized surface layer to UVIO3.yH2O/UVIO2(CO3)x(2−2x)+ is also suppressed by Gd-doping. The overall oxidation/alteration (dissolution) reaction appears to be kinetically controlled by the creation of UVI surface species prior to dissolution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".