High‐Energy Neutrino Astronomy Using Upward‐going Muons in Super‐Kamiokande I
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present the results from several studies used to search for astrophysical sources of high-energy neutrinos using the Super-Kamiokande I (1996 April-2001 July) neutrino-induced upward-going muon data. The data set consists of 2359 events with minimum energy 1.6 GeV, of which 1892 are through-going and 467 stop within the detector. The results of several independent analyses are presented, including searches for point sources using directional and temporal information and a search for signatures of cosmic-ray interactions with the interstellar medium in the upward-going muons. No statistically significant evidence for point sources or any diffuse flux from the plane of the Galaxy was found, so specific limits on fluxes from likely point sources are calculated. The 90% confidence level (CL) upper limits on upward-going muon flux from astronomical sources that are located in the southern hemisphere and always under the horizon for Super-Kamiokande are ~ × 10 -15 cm -2 s -1 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".