Detection of PrP <sup>sc</sup> in Samples Presenting a Very Advanced Degree of Autolysis (BSE Liquid State) by Immunocytochemistry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although detection of the abnormal isoform of prion protein (PrP(sc)), the specific feature of transmissable spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), has been previously demonstrated on formalin-fixed autolytic tissue, no samples with autolysis as severe as tested here (i.e., liquid state) have previously been tested. It is inevitable that a small but significant proportion of brains, especially in summer due to delays in postmortem examination, undergo an extremely severe autolysis that makes samples unsuitable for diagnosis by conventional techniques. In this study, 25 bovine samples were diagnosed by applying immunocytochemistry on the corresponding liquid fraction. Four additional portions of brainstem (positive and negative sheep and cattle) were subjected to one of the autolysis regimens at 56C or environmental conditions for up to 80 days and were analyzed with the same methodology. No abnormal protein could be detected in any of the control animals. PrP(sc) accumulation was observed by immunocytochemistry in all cases that were positive by either immunohistochemistry on the corresponding filtrates or by Prionics Western blotting, showing an excellent agreement between the methodology assessed and these routine techniques. The results of this study demonstrate immunocytochemistry as a useful tool for diagnosis in liquid-state samples, solving a most relevant problem in BSE and scrapie epidemiology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".