Évolution à long terme de la convergence régionale au Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cette étude a pour objet d’analyser l’évolution à long terme des disparités régionales au Canada sur le plan du revenu et de la production par habitant à la lumière d’études récentes sur la convergence. Nous analysons la convergence régionale au Canada à partir d’estimations de la convergence β et de tests de stationnarité de la convergence σ pendant la période allant de 1926 à 1994. Notre analyse indique qu’en moyenne, une convergence entre les provinces canadiennes s’est produite depuis 1926; toutefois, le processus de rattrapage des régions pauvres par rapport aux régions riches n’a pas suivi un sentier régulier — il fut ralenti de façon sporadique par des chocs aléatoires. Il n’existe pas de preuve empirique d’une convergence σ entre les neuf provinces avant l’entrée de Terre-Neuve dans la Confédération en 1949; de plus, une bonne partie de la convergence σ observée semble s’être produite entre 1950 et 1977.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".