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Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index
Elizabeth K. Speliotes, Cristen J. Willer, Sonja I. Berndt, Keri L. Monda, Guðmar Þorleifsson, Anne Jackson, Hana Lango Allen, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Jian’an Luan, Reedik Mägi, Joshua C. Randall, Sailaja Vedantam, Thomas W. Winkler, Lu Qi, Tsegaselassie Workalemahu, Iris M. Heid, Valgerður Steinthórsdóttir, Heather M. Stringham, Michael N. Weedon, Eleanor Wheeler, Andrew R. Wood, Teresa Ferreira, Robert J. Weyant, Ayellet V. Segrè, Karol Estrada, Liming Liang, James Nemesh, Ju-Hyun Park, Stefan Gustafsson, Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen, Jian Yang, Nabila Bouatia‐Naji, Tõnu Esko, Mary F. Feitosa, Zoltán Kutalik, Massimo Mangino, Soumya Raychaudhuri, André Scherag, Albert V. Smith, Ryan Welch, Wei Zhao, Katja K.H. Aben, Devin M. Absher, Najaf Amin, Anna Dixon, Eva Fisher, Nicole L. Glazer, Michael E. Goddard, Nancy L. Heard‐Costa, Volker Hoesel, Jouke‐Jan Hottenga, Åsa Johansson, Toby Johnson, Shamika Ketkar, Claudia Lamina, Shengxu Li, Miriam F. Moffatt, Richard H. Myers, Narisu Narisu, John R. 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Bibliographic record
VenueNature Genetics · 2010
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldNeuroscience
TopicRegulation of Appetite and Obesity
Canadian institutionsUniversité de MontréalMcMaster UniversityMontreal Heart Institute
FundersNational Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin DiseasesNational Center for Research ResourcesNational Institute of General Medical SciencesNational Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institute on Drug AbuseNational Heart, Lung, and Blood InstituteNational Institute on AgingCambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of CambridgeMedical Research CouncilGoddard Space Flight CenterNational Institutes of HealthDiabetesforeningenDiabetestutkimussäätiöH. Lundbeck A/SHjartaverndInstitut de Cardiologie de MontréalFondation Institut de Cardiologie de MontréalPaavo Nurmen SäätiöSvenska KulturfondenNational Health and Medical Research CouncilOulun YliopistoSydäntutkimussäätiöNational Institute of Mental HealthGöteborgs LäkaresällskapTechnische Universität DresdenAugustinus FondenVetenskapsrådetNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismStockholms Läns LandstingGlaxoSmithKlineSigne ja Ane Gyllenbergin SäätiöFondation LeenaardsPäivikki ja Sakari Sohlbergin SäätiöNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesNorwegian Institute of Public HealthHelsingin ja Uudenmaan SairaanhoitopiiriKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseKarolinska InstitutetJuho Vainion SäätiöBritish Heart FoundationBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleAstraZenecaEuropean CommissionFinska LäkaresällskapetYrjö Jahnssonin SäätiöCancerfondenJuvenile Diabetes Research Foundation InternationalDiabetes UKLastentautien TutkimussäätiöNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchWellcome TrustCancer Research UKErasmus Medisch CentrumStiftelsen för Strategisk ForskningHealthwayScottish GovernmentNational Cancer InstituteLundbeckfondenFoundation for Cardiovascular ResearchNational Science FoundationFondation LeducqCentre for Medical Systems BiologyNovo NordiskHjärt-LungfondenAgency for Science, Technology and ResearchJalmari ja Rauha Ahokkaan SäätiöKelaSvenska LäkaresällskapetNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftHjerteforeningenBiomedicum Helsinki-säätiöDonald W. Reynolds FoundationChinese Society of Clinical OncologyAmgen
KeywordsBiologyBody mass indexGeneticsGenome-wide association studySingle-nucleotide polymorphismObesityGenetic associationQuantitative trait locusSNPGeneGenotypeEndocrinology
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.005
Threshold uncertainty score0.015
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.023
GPT teacher head0.305
Teacher spread0.282 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
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Citations2,979
Published2010
Admission routes2
Has abstractno