NOVEL PELLICLE SURFACE PATTERNS ON <i>EUGLENA OBTUSA</i> (EUGLENOPHYTA) FROM THE MARINE BENTHIC ENVIRONMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR PELLICLE DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION<sup>1</sup>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Euglena obtusa F. Schmitz possesses novel pellicle surface patterns, including the greatest number of strips (120) and the most posterior subwhorls of strip reduction in any euglenid described so far. Although the subwhorls form a mathematically linear pattern of strip reduction, the pattern observed here differs from the linear pattern described for Euglena mutabilis F. Schmitz in that it contains seven linear subwhorls, rather than three, and is developmentally equivalent to three whorls of exponential reduction, rather than two. These properties imply that the seven-subwhorled linear pattern observed in E. obtusa is evolutionarily derived from an ancestral bilinear pattern, rather than from a linear pattern, of strip reduction. Furthermore, analysis of the relative lateral positions of the strips forming the subwhorls in E. obtusa indicates that (1) the identity (relative length, lateral position, and maturity) of each strip in any mother cell specifies that strip's identity in one of the daughter cells following pellicle duplication and cell division, (2) the relative length of any given pellicle strip regulates the length of the nascent strip it will produce during pellicle duplication, and (3) pellicle pores develop within the heels of the most mature pellicle strips. These observations suggest that continued research on pellicle development could eventually establish an ideal system for understanding mechanisms associated with the morphogenesis and evolution of related eukaryotic cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".