Partitioning and diversity of nuclear and organelle markers in native and introduced populations of <i>Epipactis helleborine</i> (Orchidaceae)
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Variability of allozymes (1170 individuals, 47 populations) and chloroplast DNA (692 individuals, 29 populations) was examined in native European and introduced North American populations of Epipactis helleborine (Orchidaceae). At the species level, the percentage of allozyme loci that were polymorphic (P(99)) was 67%, with a mean of 2.11 alleles (A) per locus, and an expected heterozygosity (H(exp)) of 0.294. At the population level, mean P(99) = 56%, mean A = 1.81, and mean H(exp) = 0.231. Although field observations suggest that self-pollination occurs frequently, populations had a genetic structure consistent with Hardy-Weinberg expectations and random mating (mean F(IS) = 0.002). There was significant deviation from panmixia associated with population differentiation (mean F(ST) = 0.206). The distribution of two chloroplast haplotypes showed that 15 of the 29 populations were polymorphic. Using both nuclear and organelle F(ST) estimates, a pollen to seed flow ratio of 1.43 : 1 was calculated. This is very low compared with published estimates for other plant groups, consistent with the high dispersability of orchid seeds. Finally, there was no evidence for a genetic bottleneck associated with the introduction of E. helleborine to North America.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it