Population substructure of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardsi) in Washington State using mtDNA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We examined the pupping phenology and genetic variation between the currently defined stocks of harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi (Gray, 1864), in Washington’s coastal and inland waters and looked in detail at genetic variation within the inland waters of Washington. We analyzed mtDNA variation in 552 harbor seals from nine areas in Washington State and the Canada–US transboundary waters. A total of 73 haplotypes were detected; 37 individuals had unique haplotypes. Pupping phenology and levels of genetic variation between the outer coastal stock (WA Coastal Estuaries, WA North Coast) and the inland waters stock (British Columbia, Boundary Bay, San Juan Islands, Smith/Minor Islands, Dungeness Spit, Hood Canal, Gertrude Island) corroborated the appropriateness of the present stock boundary. However, within the inland waters stock, Hood Canal and Gertrude Island were significantly different from the coastal stock, from the rest of the inland waters stock, and from each other. This indicates a total of four genetically distinct groups in Washington State, suggesting that managing the inland waters as a single stock may be erroneous.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".