70-GHz Effective Sampling Time-Base On-Chip Oscilloscope in CMOS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines a time-base measurement system for on-chip digitization. Undersampling, combined with single-path time-domain amplification and processing, is used to perform the embedded measurement in a time-efficient manner. The proposed system relies on simple circuit components while performing high-speed measurements. Additionally, ease of calibration with minimal silicon area overhead renders the system attractive from a design-for-test perspective. The circuit was implemented in a 0.18-mum standard digital CMOS process using a single 1.8-V supply. On-chip interconnect crosstalk generation with variable strength is included on chip for characterization, and successfully measured using the prototype chip. An effective 70-GHz sampling rate is experimentally obtained from the implemented on-chip oscilloscope, with a voltage resolution of 4 mV. The estimated static power dissipation is ~3.5 mW, with a total active area of 0.45 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> taken up by the associated test and calibration vehicles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".