Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchange and pH regulation in the control of neutrophil chemokinesis and chemotaxis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Large proton fluxes accompany cell migration, but their precise role remains unclear. We studied pH regulation during the course of chemokinesis and chemotaxis in human neutrophils stimulated by attractant peptides. Activation of cell motility by chemoattractants was accompanied by a marked increase in metabolic acid generation, attributable to energy consumption by the contractile machinery and to stimulation of the NADPH oxidase and the ancillary hexose monophosphate shunt. Despite the increase in acid production, the cytosol underwent a sizable alkalinization, caused by acceleration of Na(+)/H(+) exchange. The development of the alkalinization mirrored the increase in the rate of cell migration, suggesting a causal relationship. However, elimination of Na(+)/H(+) exchange by omission of external Na(+) or by addition of potent inhibitors was without effect on either chemokinesis or chemotaxis, provided the cytosolic pH remained near neutrality. At more acidic levels, cell motility was progressively inhibited. These observations suggest that Na(+)/H(+) exchange plays a permissive role in cell motility but is not required for the initiation or development of the migratory response. Chemokinesis also was found to be exquisitely sensitive to extracellular acidification. This property may account for the inability of neutrophils to access abscesses and solid tumors that have been reported to have inordinately low pH.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".