Force reconstruction for low velocity impacts using force and acceleration measurements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Contact and impact dynamics modeling of rigid bodies continues to be an intensive research area, as new applications of contact dynamics simulation develop in engineering practice. Yet, relatively few studies are dedicated to the experimental investigation of rigid-body impacts and associated issues. In this manuscript we report our findings for a sphere to flat impact experiments conducted for a range of low impact velocities, such as those that may be encountered in multibody systems. A unique feature of our investigation is that the impact forces between the impacting objects are reconstructed from force and acceleration measurements, the latter obtained from an accelerometer mounted on the impacted surface body. It is noted that when the impacted body is free to move during impact, it may experience high accelerations which must be taken into account. The reconstructed impact force responses are compared to those predicted with the dynamics model of the experimental scenario, which in turn is based on a nonlinear compliant model of the impact force. The experiments, in addition to generating novel impact measurements, provide a number of insights into both the study of impacts and the impact response.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".