A Tunable Clock Buffer for Intra-die PVT Compensation in Single-Edge Clock (SEC) Distribution Networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As processes shrink, the on-chip variability grows and this variation causes clock skew to rapidly consume a larger-and-larger percentage of the clock period. New techniques to reduce skew are required, but post-silicon clock adjustments will still be necessary to compensate for intra-die PVT variations. A relatively new technique for skew reduction, called Single-Edge Clocking (SEC), focuses clock buffer design on the critical edge by using alternating strong pull-up and strong pull-down buffers. In this paper, a new digitally-tuned buffer for SEC clock networks is presented. It is based on a single-sided starved inverter configuration and is tuned using a 3-bit thermometer code. Sizing issues and skew reduction achievable in the presence of PVT variations are presented. The overhead in terms of layout area and current consumption for this new tunable buffer is only a small fraction of other tunable buffer designs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".