Swimming performance and blood chemistry in Atlantic salmon spawners exposed to acid river water with elevated aluminium concentrations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Exposure of sexually mature pre‐spawning Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to Fossbekk water (pH 5·2) for 7 days led to a significant reduction in critical swimming speed (U‐crit) in females but not in males. Exposure to Fossbekk water +A1 (as AlCl3) for 24 h led to a significant reduction in U‐crit in both males and females. In contrast to fish exposed for 7 days to Fossbekk water, fish exposed to Fossbekk+A1 had accumulated much more aluminium and mucus on their gills. Losses of plasma ions were similar in both groups exposed to acid water. Blood glucose was twice as high in fish exposed to Fossbekk water for 7 days compared with fish exposed to Fossbekk+A1 for 24 h. Plasma cortisol was still elevated compared with controls after exposure to Fossbekk water for 7 days. Possible mechanisms for the observed decrease in U‐crit at the different exposures are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".