Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rituximab (MabThera/Rituxan) is a therapeutic monoclonal antibody against CD20, an antigen expressed by B cells but not B-cell progenitor or plasma cells. It is currently approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and is well tolerated and efficacious. A small open-label study (conducted by Edwards and Cambridge) indicated that selective depletion of B cells using rituximab led to sustained benefits for patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. A 24-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was carried out to confirm these initial observations. In total, 161 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were randomized to one of four treatment groups: rituximab monotherapy; rituximab plus methotrexate (R+MTX); rituximab plus cyclophosphamide (R+CTX); or methotrexate alone (MTX). Rituximab was administered as two 1000 mg infusions on days 1 and 15. An analysis at 24 weeks showed that the proportion of patients achieving an ACR20 response was significantly greater (P < or = 0.025 for all three comparisons) in all the rituximab groups compared with the MTX control group (rituximab alone, 65%; R+CTX, 76%; R+MTX, 73%; MTX alone, 38%). Both ACR50 (43 vs 13%; P = 0.005) and ACR70 (23 vs 5%; P = 0.048) responses were also significantly higher for the R+MTX group compared with the MTX group. The rituximab groups showed no significant safety differences compared with the MTX arm. The majority of adverse events were of mild to moderate intensity. Rituximab is a novel targeted therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and it appears to be highly effective, safe and well tolerated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".