Effect of two temperatures on biological traits and susceptibility to a pyrethroid insecticide in an exotic and native coccinellid species
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Asian ladybird Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera Coccinellidae), an active predator of aphids and other insect pests, has long been used as a biocontrol agent and deliberately or accidentally introduced into many countries. Over the last few decades concerns have been raised about its invasiveness in those areas where it has been introduced. A test was carried out to investigate \nthe ability of H. axyridis to survive, grow and reproduce at higher temperatures (30 °C) than the recorded optimum of 25 °C. In a preliminary experiment, the temperature of 35 °C was also tested, but was subsequently excluded, because all eggs were dehy-drated. The eggs placed at 30 °C hatched, but at a considerably lower rate compared with the control eggs. This temperature re-sulted in faster larval and overall development compared with the control temperature. Adult weight and reproductive parameters were adversely affected at 30 °C. In particular, fecundity and fertility were dramatically lower for the females reared and maintained at 30 °C. The higher temperature tested had thus an overall negative impact on H. axyridis development and performance. \nA second experiment was designed to test the effects of a pyrethroid insecticide (λ-Cyhalothrin) on H. axyridis in comparison with Adalia bipunctata (L.), a species commonly found in Europe. Larval mortality suggested that H. axyridis \n was less susceptible than A. bipunctata to λ-Cyhalothrin. Further studies are needed to better evaluate the impact of this and other pesticide treatments on the exotic vs \n. native ladybirds, also under field conditions, where other factors may play a key role.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".