The effects of diffusion and winds on the properties of Helium White Dwarfs in Binary Millisecond Pulsars
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Wide Binary Millisecond Pulsars are composed of a rapidly spinning neutron star and a low-mass white dwarf. An important key to understanding the spin-down evolution of the pulsar is the determination of its age. Under the assumption that the pulsar and white dwarf formed coevally, the age of the pulsar can be inferred by comparing the observed temperature of the cooling white dwarf with evolutionary calculations. The rate of cooling is affected by the composition profile and thickness of the hydrogen-rich envelope. The latter property is largely governed by the evolution of the white-dwarf progenitor during the mass-loss phase of the evolution but is also affected to some degree by stellar winds and chemical diffusion. Based on an extensive analysis of parameter space, we find that self-induced stellar winds are not likely to have a significant effect on the cooling but that diffusion in the envelope can shorten the cooling times in some systems by a significant factor. This effect generally leads to better agreement between cooling and spin-down times.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".