Natural recolonization of the Seine River by Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of multiple origins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The restoration of previously extinct salmon populations is usually achieved with stocking programmes, but natural recolonization can also occur through the straying of individuals from nearby populations. Here we investigated the origin of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) that recently recolonized the Seine River (France). The degradation of this river had led to the extinction of the population, but since the 1990s, the water quality has greatly improved. Although no stocking was performed, 162 individual salmon were recently observed by video-counting. Seven fish were sampled for morphological and genetic analyses. These individuals were genotyped at 17 microsatellites markers and their probable source populations were identified using baseline samples from regional and distant populations. Four of the sampled individuals were grilse and three were multi-sea-winter fish. Genetic analyses revealed that the fish partly originated from a nearby stock but also from distant populations, suggesting long-distance straying. This natural recolonization of a large river by strayers from several origins is discussed in terms of population sustainability and management.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".