Genetic Gains in Agronomic and Selected End‐Use Quality Traits over a Century of Plant Breeding of Canada Western Red Spring Wheat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Canadian Western Red Spring (CWRS) market class is the predominant type of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in Canada since the turn of the 20th century. Wheat cultivars ranging from cv. Red Fife to cv. Superb were field tested in a series of 24 replicated trials spanning 19 years in central Saskatchewan, Canada. The objective of this study was to measure the rate of cultivar improvement in light of relatively narrow end‐use quality definitions for the CWRS market class. Regression of cultivar trait means on year of cultivar registration was used to assess the rate of change in yield, productivity traits, and end‐use quality parameters. Yield levels were estimated to be increasing at a rate of approximately 15 kg/ha per year in 1970 and 23 kg/ha per year in 1995. Days to spike emergence and plant height decreased over time. Kernel weight, grain protein concentration, SDS sedimentation volume, farinograph absorption, and dough development time increased over time, whereas farinograph mixing tolerance index and yellow pigment concentration decreased. The results show that improvement in key agronomic and end‐use traits has been achieved in CWRS wheat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".