Evaluation of co‐oximetry for the measurement of methemoglobin in rainbow trout (<i><scp>O</scp>ncorhynchus mykiss</i>) and values in 3 salmonid species
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Methemoglobin (metHb) is oxidized hemoglobin that cannot reversibly bind oxygen, and concentrations in healthy fish have been reported to be 0.6-24.8% compared with 0-3% in healthy mammals. In fish, metHb has been measured using spectrophotometric methods using potassium cyanide (KCN), but not using co-oximetry, which is the preferred method for human samples. OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate co-oximetry as a method for measuring metHb in Oncorhynchus mykiss, compare co-oximetry with a KCN spectrophotometric method, and establish reference values for metHb concentrations as measured using co-oximetry in O mykiss, Salmo salar, and Salvelinus fontinalis. METHODS: Blood samples from healthy female O mykiss, female S salar, and female and male S fontinalis were prepared by separation and washing of erythrocytes in Tris/NaCl/EDTA buffer followed by lysis in Tris/EDTA buffer. MetHb concentrations were measured using an IL-682 co-oximeter. Moderate and high metHb concentrations were produced in vitro using NaNO(2). RESULTS: At low concentrations of methemoglobin, CVs for intraday precision were 10.3% and 53.9% using co-oximetry and the KCN spectrophotometric method, respectively. The CV for interday precision using co-oximetry was 11.9%. MetHb concentrations were stable in whole blood stored at 4°C for 7 days. MetHb concentrations were linear up to 58.2% (r = .99) using co-oximetry and 27.5% (r = .94) using the KCN method. The lower limit of detection for metHb was 0.02 g/dL using co-oximetry. Reference values for metHb concentrations using co-oximetry in O mykiss, S salar, and S fontinalis (n = 40 of each species) were 0.6-1.8%, 1.1-1.9%, and 1.1-4.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Co-oximetry can be used to measure methemoglobin in blood from fish, in particular in O mykiss, and is better than the KCN spectrophotometric method. Reference values for methemoglobin concentrations in O mykiss, S salar, and S fontinalis are similar to those in mammals.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it