Effect of the Components of the Electrode on the Morphological and Electrochemical Performance of Manganese Dioxide-Based Electrode for Application in Hybrid Electrochemical Capacitor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Composite electrodes based on manganese dioxide, a binder (poly(tetrafluoroethylene, PTFE) and a carbon additive (Acetylene black or high surface area Black Pearls 2000) were characterized by nitrogen gas adsorption. The electrochemical performances of the MnO2/Carbon/PTFE composite electrodes were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements indicated only a minor effect of acetylene black (AB) on the mesoporous surface of composite electrode, presumably because of its larger particle size compared to Black Pearls 2000 (BP). The electrochemical utilization of MnO2 is similar whether AB or BP is used as carbon additive. This suggests that the porosity of Black Pearls, which could perhaps act as a reservoir of ionic species, does not appear to play a significant role. Finally, using a high surface carbon support with MnO2 can cancel the effect of the larger potential window of electroactivity of MnO2 because of its smaller electrochemical potential stability range.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".