Redistribution of immunofluorescence of CFTR anion channel and NKCC cotransporter in chloride cells during adaptation of the killifish<i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>to sea water
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cellular distribution of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) immunofluorescence was detected by monoclonal antibody directed to the C terminus of killifish CFTR (kfCFTR) in chloride cells of fresh water (FW) adapted fish and animals transferred to sea water (SW) for 24h, 48h and 14+ days. Confocal microscopy allowed localization within mitochondria-rich (MR) cells to be determined as superficial (i.e. in the apical membrane) or deeper within the cytoplasm of the cells. In FW, 90 % of MR cells had diffuse kfCFTR immunofluorescence in the central part of the cytosol, with only 8.1 % having apical kfCFTR, which was 6.6+/-0.54 microm below the microridges of surrounding pavement cells. Curiously, FW but not SW pavement cells also had positive immunofluorescence to kfCFTR. After 24h in SW, a time when kfCFTR expression is elevated, a condensed punctate immunofluorescence appeared among 18.8 % of MR cells, 13.4+/-0.66 microm (mean +/- S.E.M.) below the surface of the cells. By 48h, a majority (76.3 %) of MR cells had punctate kfCFTR distribution and the distance from the surface was less (7.8+/-0.2 microm), a distribution approaching the SW-acclimated condition (i.e. all MR cells showing kfCFTR immunofluorescence, 6.1+/-0.04 microm below the surface). In contrast, NKCC immunofluorescence was condensed and localized in lateral parts of MR cell complexes in FW animals and then redistributed to the whole basal cytoplasm after acclimation to SW. CFTR, the anion channel responsible for Cl(-) secretion in marine teleosts, redistributes in MR cells during SW acclimation by condensation of a diffuse distribution below the apical crypt, followed by translocation and insertion in the apical membrane. NKCC, the cotransporter that translocates Cl(-) across the basolateral membrane, moves from an eccentric cytosolic location in FW to a diffuse basolateral localization in SW chloride cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".