A 1 MHz chopper for injection into the TRIUMF KAON Factory
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The proposed KAON Factory expansion to the TRIUMF facility requires a high repetition rate beam chopper for injecting a 450 MeV H/sup -/ beam into the accumulator ring. The chopper must deflect the beam alternately for 49 or 92 ns. The rise and fall times of the field in the deflector must be less than 39 ns including the fill time of the deflector assembly. This represents a 22% duty cycle (including rise times) at a repetition rate of 1.0244 MHz to 1.0251 MHz. The chopper must provide an integral kick during the pulse of 200 kV/m*m (electric field*length). The deflector assembly will be between 1.8 m and 4.0 m long with the plate spacing between 5 cm and 10 cm. Traditional kickers were found to be inefficient, expensive or impractical when scaled to the high repetition rate and fast rise time required by the chopper. A novel technique for increasing the energy efficiency while maintaining pulse quality is being evaluated. The concept incorporates a low-loss transmission line on which pulses are stored; these pulses are used to deflect the beam and are then returned to the line for reshaping. Studies indicate that significantly less power is consumed compared to other techniques.>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".