Underload‐induced crack growth behaviour of minor cycles of pipeline steel in near‐neutral pH environment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Despite decades of research, the mechanisms of near‐neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steel are still not fully understood. This investigation was aimed to understand the effect of minor cycles with very high R ratios (minimum stress/maximum stress) on crack growth in air and in near‐neutral pH environments. It has been demonstrated that the minor cycle, even with an R ratio as high as 0.9, could significantly contribute to the crack growth of pipeline steels in the presence of a large underload cycle with a low R ratio of 0.5 in near‐neutral pH environment. Comparing with constant amplitude tests, an increase of crack growth rate by a factor of 3 and 5 was observed when some non‐propagating minor cycles were combined with an underload cycle for tests in air and in near‐neutral pH solution, respectively. Based on the test results, the crack growth mechanisms during minor cycle loading in near‐neutral pH environments were discussed and practical strategies aimed to minimise crack growth during pipeline operation were also proposed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".