Growth of continental plateaus by channel injection: models designed to address constraints and thermomechanical consistency
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Weak, possibly partially molten, middle crust may exist and deform by channel flow beneath continental plateaus, thereby significantly influencing their dynamics. The role of channel flows in the transition zone between the plateau and the foreland is, however, unclear. We develop successively more complete approximate models for the channel injection (CI) mode in which differential pressure pumps channel material from beneath the plateau into the transitional crust, which thickens it and widens the plateau. The motivation is to improve our understanding of the controls on the growth of continental plateaus and the interactions in the transition zone, and to gain more insight into the results of more complex numerical models. In model CI-1, a channel with constant viscosity and thickness exists in the transitional crust and the pumped material accretes/freezes above and below the channel. Although results compare favourably with the geometry of some natural examples, this model is incomplete because the connection between the transition zone and the plateau is not considered. Model CI-2 includes a decrease in channel viscosity when the channel depth exceeds a critical value, D *, a proxy for onset of melt weakening or low viscosities at high temperatures. The model completes the connection to the plateau, but relies on the arbitrary choice of D *. Model CI-3 is more physically based, and considers the channel viscosity and thickness to depend on temperature, calculated by an associated thermal model that includes radioactive self-heating, and advection of heat by channel material. This model demonstrates self-consistent plateau widening if the channel viscosity decreases at the critical temperature, T *. Acceptable comparisons with the topography of Tibet are achieved with transition zone viscosities that decrease from 10 19 −10 22 Pa s to subplateau values of 10 18 –10 19 Pa s, with T * of 700−750°C. Additional analyses and tests are used to determine the range of parameter values for which CI models are both internally consistent and compatible with observations. Additional modes of deformation in the transition zone, viscous thickening (VT) and plastic translation (PT), may also be important.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".