Little Ice Age glacial activity in Strathcona Provincial Park, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dendroglaciological and lichenometric techniques are used to establish the Little Ice Age (LIA) history of two glaciers (Colonel Foster and Septimus) in Strathcona Provincial Park, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Our lichenometric investigations were preceded by the development of a locally calibrated Rhizocarpon geographicum growth curve (17081998 A.D.). Documentation of a 34-year ecesis interval for both trees and lichen greatly reduces one of the main uncertainties in using geobotanical methods for dating LIA landforms. The moraine dates provided, therefore, give a good approximation of the shift in climate conditions that lead to the retreat of the glaciers and subsequent moraine stabilization. Geobotanical evidence records three synchronous episodes of LIA moraine deposition at both glaciers: two prominent moraines at each site are dated to the early 1700s and late 1800s, with a third, smaller moraine dated to the mid 1930s. Moraines deposited prior to 1397 A.D. were also recorded at Colonel Foster Glacier; however, precise dating of these moraines was not possible. The moraine records from Strathcona Provincial Park suggest two possible modes of glacier response: (i) synchronous responses to larger-scale climatic forcing, and (ii) asynchronous responses to local factors such as microclimate, topography, and glacier geometry. The Vancouver Island LIA record was evaluated in the context of LIA results from the Pacific North American (PNA) Cordillera. It compares well with regional moraine records from coastal British Columbia, Washington, Alaska, and the Canadian Rocky Mountains, suggesting a regional response of PNA glaciers to climate change associated with the LIA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".