Wilcoxon‐type rank‐sum precedence tests: large‐sample approximation and evaluation
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Wilcoxon‐type rank‐sum precedence tests are useful alternatives to the precedence life‐test proposed for testing the hypothesis that two lifetime distribution functions are equal. In this paper, we first derive the exact power function under the Lehmann alternative for these tests. We also note that the large‐sample normal approximation for the null distribution is not satisfactory in case of small or moderate sample sizes. Then, we develop an Edgeworth expansion to approximate the significance probabilities. Comparison of normal approximation and Edgeworth approximation for various sample sizes are provided. Finally, an example is presented for illustration. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it