Effect of form, placement and rate of N fertilizer, and placement of P fertilizer on wheat in Saskatchewan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On the Canadian prairies, the one-pass seeding and fertilizing no-till system is very common. However, the close proximity of the fertilizer to the seed can cause damage to the emerging seedlings due to a combination of a salt effect and/or ammonia toxicity. Manufacturers have responded by developing openers that allow placement of seed and fertilizer in separate bands. A 3-yr study was initiated in 2000 to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) form [urea (U) and anhydrous ammonia (AA)], placement [broadcast (Br), side-band (SB) or mid-row band (MRB)], timing (fall or spring) and rate (0 to 90 or 120 kg N ha -1 ), and phosphorus (P) placement (7 to 10 kg P ha -1 ) on plant density, seed and straw yield, seed protein content, and N uptake of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under no-till at four sites representing different agro-ecological zones in Saskatchewan. Rate of applied N had the most dominant effect on agronomic variables, while form, placement, and timing of application of N had minor effects. Generally, SB and MRB were comparable in terms of seed yield, N uptake and seed protein content. From a practical perspective, SB and MRB could be used with equal success with either U or AA. Side banding P produced responses similar to seed-placed P, except under very dry conditions where side banding was superior. In general, placement of urea in soil in a band was more effective than broadcasting, while fall banding can be less effective than spring banding.Key words: Anhydrous ammonia, N application timing, N form, N and P placement, N uptake, protein content, urea, wheat, yield
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".