Chemical and Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of S‐Linked Ganglioside Analogues and Their Protein Conjugates for Use as Immunogens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Analogues of the tumor-associated gangliosides GM(3) and GM(2) containing terminal S-linked neuraminic acid residues and an amino terminated, truncated ceramide homologue have been synthesized and conjugated to a protein. The synthesis involved coupling of a S-linked sialyl alpha(2-->3) galactose disaccharide with a glucosyl sphingosine analogue, followed by elaboration and deprotection to give amino-terminated glycosyl ceramide 1. Glycosyltransferase-catalyzed extension of the trisaccharide 1 provided access to the modified GM(2) tetrasaccharide 2 or sulphur-containing GD(3) analogue 30. Owing to their potentially enhanced resistance to endogenous exo-glycoside hydrolases and their inherent non-self character, carbohydrate antigens containing non-reducing terminal thioglycosidic linkages may be more immunogenic than O-linked antigens and may stimulate the production of antibodies capable of recognizing naturally occurring oligosaccharides. Our initial results suggest that in fact these antigens are viable immunogens and furthermore, that immune sera cross reacts with O-gangliosides in the context of a heterologous glycoprotein conjugate.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".