Beneficial effects of ruminal oligosaccharide administration on immunologic system function in sheep
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Zhang, X., Ding, Y., Qu, M. and Lu, D. 2014. Beneficial effects of ruminal oligosaccharide administration on immunologic system function in sheep. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 679–684. Oligosaccharides (Os) are considered prebiotics with potential beneficial immunomodulating effects, although little is known about their effects in ruminants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Os administration on sheep immunologic system function. Sheep were randomly allotted into three different treatment groups (three sheep each): (1) control, infused with equal volume of vehicle distilled water; (2) medium level, infused with 5.4 g Os d−1 (0.6% of basal diet); (3) higher level group, infused with 10.8 g Os d−1 (1.2% of basal diet). The study comprised three experimental stages, each with a 14-d adaptation period and a 21-d experimental period; Os were administered during each experimental period via cannulae placed in the rumen, duodenum or ileum, respectively. At 7, 14 and 21 d of infusion, the proportion of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes was assessed via flow cytometry, and serum IgA/IgG concentrations were analyzed using an ELISA test. The Os infusion increased (P<0.05) the proportion of CD4+ T-lymphocytes hence raising the CD4+ /CD8+ ratio, as well the serum concentrations of IgA and IgG. Interestingly, ruminal infusion yielded the best results, while ileal administration resulted in negative measurements. These findings may be useful to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for enhanced immune functions in sheep receiving dietary supplementation with indigestible oligosaccharides.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".