Simple physical treatment for the reuse of wastewater from textile industry in the Middle East
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, different treatment methods for wastewater from textile washing operations in the Palestinian territories were studied. The goal of the treatment process was to enable the textile industry to reuse the wastewater in textile washing through simple, efficient, and cost-effective methodologies. Actual textile wastewater samples from local textile factories were used and were found to be highly polluted. The study focused on three main processes; sedimentation, coagulation, and adsorption. While sedimentation was found to reduce the total suspended solids (TSS) of the wastewater, coagulation had the additional advantages of lowering the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and achieving higher filtration rates. Four coagulants were tested, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate plus lime, aluminum sulfate, and aluminum sulfate plus lime. While ferric chloride failed to perform effectively as a coagulant, the other three coagulants were fairly effective. Finally, to further lower the COD of post-coagulation treated water, adsorption using activated carbon was studied. It was found that carbon was effective in reducing the COD of the wastewater using reasonable quantities, where up to 98% COD reduction was achieved using 6 g carbon/L.Key words: textile, wastewater, treatment, coagulation, sedimentation, adsorption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".