House dust mite induces direct airway inflammation<i>in vivo</i>: implications for future disease therapy?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
House dust mite (HDM) is the major source of allergen in house dust and is strongly associated with the development of asthma. HDM can evoke a direct, nonallergic inflammatory reaction in vitro. We aimed to determine whether this apparent nonallergic, inflammatory response can be observed in a more complex in vivo setting. Vehicle, Alum or HDM (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus 5 microg, i.p. with Alum) sensitised Brown-Norway rats were challenged intratracheally with vehicle (saline), HDM (Der p 10 microg) or heat-inactivated HDM on day 21. Lung function changes and the associated inflammatory response were evaluated. Tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage from Alum sensitised Der p challenged animals exhibited strong eosinophilia and neutrophilia associated with an early release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-13 and 1beta, eotaxin and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine). This response was not attenuated by removal of HDM-associated protease activity. Interestingly, the vehicle sensitised group (no Alum) lacked this inflammatory response. HDM allergen evokes nonallergic airways inflammation with an inflammatory profile similar to that of the asthmatic airway. This response, independent of the protease activity of the HDM extract, appeared to be linked to prior administration of the adjuvant Alum and the subsequent increase in total immunoglobulin E. This finding could have important implications in the development of future asthma therapies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".