Financial Problems among Farmers in Malaysia: Islamic Agricultural Finance as a Possible Solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper attempts to look at the possibility of collaboration of Islamic agricultural finance in agricultural land development realizing the farmers’ financial problems during the case study and the government efforts in invigorating agricultural sector in Malaysia. Agricultural product and Loss Sharing (aPLS) which based on the contracts of al-muzara’a and al-musaqa from Islamic jurisprudence, partnership between the landowner and the farmer in brief, was highlighted in this paper. Agro Bank has the potential to employ Islamic agricultural finance realizing its roles in developing agricultural sector in Malaysia and its direction to be a full-fledged Islamic bank. The case study was carried out based on two methods that are interviews and questionnaire. These two methods have been used among the farmers under the one-off subsidy program by the Department of Agriculture in the selected six states in Malaysia. It was found that the farmers at the survey areas faced the financial problems during the second cycle cultivating yet the farmers have the capability in saving at the financial institutions. Thus, the main theme of this paper is that how Islamic agricultural finance can play a positive role and possible solutions to the farmers in Malaysia and eventually promoting agricultural development in Malaysia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".