Multisensor joint tracking and identification using particle filter and Dempster-Shafer fusion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Simultaneous multi-target tracking and identification using multiple radar sensors is advantageous to offer more reliable real-time information for situation assessment, resource management and decision making, which is essentially a problem of joint tracking, association, identification and sensor fusion. This paper first presents a method to use the Rao-Blackwellised particle filter (RBPF) based approach to address the joint multitarget tracking, association and identification in presence of clutter using a single radar kinematic measurement. Using the particle filter as an association indicator, the data association is efficiently integrated into the RBPF frameworks. To achieve more robust and reliable performance, multi-sensor fusion is exploited. Dempster-Shafter (D-S) belief function is then incorporated into the RBPF framework under the transferable belief model (TBM) to provide a flexible fusion result. Computer simulations using the proposed schemes show reliable tracking and reasonable and correct target classification with great flexibility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".