Extracellular matrix proteins, neural differentiation and melanoma progression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Highly invasive melanoma cells traverse the extracellular matrix (ECM) by cell adhesion, ECM proteolysis, and cell migration. Ln5 and Integrin α5β1 play a key role in regulating melanoma growth, invasion, migration, angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. The present work utilizes the in situ 3D tumor matrix of melanomas to study their role in the formation of tumor-vascular-complexes (TVCs), vasculogenesis and tumor invasion. Material and Methods : Serial frozen and paraffin sections of nodular melanomas were subjected to histochemistry, enzyme histochemistry: dopa oxidase and immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibodies HMB45, GFAP, NFP, Syn, Ln5 (laminin 5) & integrin (α5β1) by the avidin/biotin system and assessed in general tumor areas, infiltrating margins, TVCs, vasculogenesis. Results : General areas: Ln5 shows a range of 75%-100% positivity in pigmented and 5.9%-29.8% cells in amelanotic areas. Integrin α5β1: shows a range of 69.4%-94.8% positivity in pigmented and 4%-55.2% in amelanotic areas. Infiltrating margins: Ln5/Integrin α5β1, are both required for preparing the ECM for spread of the tumor cells and angiogenesis. The cells at the infiltrating margins are positive for both. TVCs: Ln5/Integrin α5β1 expression is highest in the outer layers. Vasculogenesis (VM): Irregular spaces lined by Syn, Ln5/Integrin α5β1 positive tumor cells expand into islands of hemopoeisis, associated with the lining tumor cells. Combined TVCs and VM: In the mixed tumors a combination of TVCs and VM are seen. Irregular crevices appear lined by Ln5/Integrin α5β1 positive cells which flatten to form endothelial tubes which connect with the vascular network. Ln5/Integrin α5β1 positive cells co-express neural markers, NFP and Syn in all areas. Discussion: In conclusion, Ln5/Integrin α5β1 form the substrate for the advancing cell mass in the outer layers of the TVCs, infiltrating tumor margins and vasculogenic spaces. The architecture and remodeling of the TVCs is maintained with integrin α5β1 providing attachment and dynamic force for tissue compaction, cohesion and migration aided by Ln5. Neural differentiation is associated with migratory ability as indicated by NFP and Syn coexpression with Ln5/Integrin α5β1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".