Accurate Synthesis of Four-Line Interdigitated Coupler
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present an accurate synthesis method for the design of a four-line interdigitated coupler in this paper. With the derivation of an admittance matrix of four coupled transmission lines and the use of an interconnecting condition, only half of the original coupled-line structure should be considered with its symmetric plane replaced by a perfect electric wall and/or perfect magnetic wall. Subsequently, two new mode admittances are, respectively, calculated from the propagation constants and the line impedances ofc- and pi-modes, which are extracted from full-wave simulation. In this way, a reference chart is generated that presents the relation between the two mode admittances and physical dimensions of the coupled lines. With any prescribed performance, the physical dimensions of a four-line interdigitated coupler can effectively be synthesized by looking up this reference chart. Two examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and flexibility of our proposed scheme. One is a conventional 3-dB four-line Lange coupler fabricated by a miniature hybrid microwave integrated circuit process. The other is a composite microstrip coplanar waveguide coupler made by a standard printed circuit board process. For both couplers, simulated and measured results are in good agreement. The proposed method is useful for the accurate synthesis and design of four-line couplers having an interdigitated topology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".