Impact of <i>Bt</i> corn pollen on monarch butterfly populations: A risk assessment
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No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame — the usual design — would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.
Machine scores (provisional)
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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- Teacher spread
- 0.327 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
- Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline· verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
Abstract
A collaborative research effort by scientists in several states and in Canada has produced information to develop a formal risk assessment of the impact of Bt corn on monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) populations. Information was sought on the acute toxic effects of Bt corn pollen and the degree to which monarch larvae would be exposed to toxic amounts of Bt pollen on its host plant, the common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca, found in and around cornfields. Expression of Cry proteins, the active toxicant found in Bt corn tissues, differed among hybrids, and especially so in the concentrations found in pollen of different events. In most commercial hybrids, Bt expression in pollen is low, and laboratory and field studies show no acute toxic effects at any pollen density that would be encountered in the field. Other factors mitigating exposure of larvae include the variable and limited overlap between pollen shed and larval activity periods, the fact that only a portion of the monarch population utilizes milkweed stands in and near cornfields, and the current adoption rate of Bt corn at 19% of North American corn-growing areas. This 2-year study suggests that the impact of Bt corn pollen from current commercial hybrids on monarch butterfly populations is negligible.
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The record
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Topic
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Field
- Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
- Canadian institutions
- —
- Funders
- Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, Iowa State UniversityDow AgroSciencesOntario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural AffairsAgricultural Research ServiceCanadian Food Inspection AgencyDuPontMinistry of Agriculture, Food and Rural AffairsMichigan State UniversityPurdue UniversityCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityU.S. Department of AgricultureU.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Keywords
- Monarch butterflyPollenDanausBiologyGenetically modified maizeLarvaHybridPopulationAgronomyPollen sourceButterflyToxicologyBotanyHorticulturePollinatorPollinationGenetically modified cropsEcology
- Has abstract in OpenAlex
- yes