Deflection of a Flexible Needle during Insertion into Soft Tissue
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Accurate needle insertion into soft, inhomogeneous tissue is of practical interest because of its importance in percutaneous diagnosis and therapies. The needles used in such procedures are usually long flexible needles with bevel tips that can deflect during insertion. Deflection of the needle can not only cause misplacement of the needle tip at the target but can also cause the needle to deviate from the planned path due to the curvature created along the needle shaft. In order to reduce deflection of the needle from its path and to increase the accuracy of the needle tip placement, we have studied the relationship between the needle base forces/torques and the amount of needle deflection during needle insertion. The model proposed in this paper can be used to estimate the amount of needle deflection during insertion into relatively soft tissues. Such model may be integrated into a trajectory generation algorithm in order to increase needle tip placement accuracy.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it