Infiltration into an embankment reinforced by nonwoven geotextiles
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hydraulic behaviour of permeable geosynthetics within unsaturated embankments subjected to infiltration is examined using the finite element method. The van Genuchten Mualem model is employed to evaluate unsaturated hydraulic characteristics for both the soil and nonwoven geotextile. Using pore-water pressures obtained from the finite element analysis, stability analyses are conducted for the embankments, and the contribution of the nonwoven geo textile to stability is evaluated with reference to the observed performance of instrumented embankments. A numerical study is also conducted to examine the effect of geotextile configuration on the performance of reinforced embankments subject to infiltration. This study shows that nonwoven geotextiles may retard water flow in situations where the pore pressure is negative, whereas they act as a drainage material in situations where pore pressures are positive. It is also shown that the contribution of the nonwoven geotextile to the stability of the embankment as a drainage material is much less substantial than its role as a reinforcing material.Key words: nonwoven geotextile, drainage, unsaturated, embankment, stability.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it