Prevalence and duration of exercise induced albuminuria in healthy people
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Vigorous exercise increases urine protein excretion. However, whether exercise increases urine albumin enough to reach the threshold for microalbuminuria (2.8 and 2.0 mg/mmol creatinine in women and men respectively) is uncertain. Furthermore, the duration of such albuminuria is unknown. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and duration of exercise induced microalbuminuria in normal healthy volunteers. METHODS: Thirty normal subjects provided a urine sample, then exercised to maximal heart rate, or exhaustion, using the standard Bruce Treadmill protocol. Further urine samples were collected within 15 min of completing exercise, and 24 and 48 hr later. Urine creatinine was measured by the Jaffé method and albumin via immunoturbidometry. RESULTS: Baseline urine albumin: creatinine ratio (A/C) was 0.5 +/- 0.3 (SD) in women (n=14) and 0.4 +/- 0.1 mg/mmol in men (n=16). Immediately after exercise A/C increased to 5.6 +/- 9.7 (in women) and 7.6 +/- 17.6 (in men). Twelve of 30 subjects reached the threshold for microalbuminuria and 2 that for macroalbuminuria. By 24 hr all had returned to baseline and there was no further change at 48 hours. CONCLUSIONS: A short period, 15-20 min, of maximal exercise leads to A/C ratios above the microalbuminuria threshold in a substantial proportion of normal subjects. Physicians should not measure urine albumin in patients who give a history of such activity in the past 24 hr.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".