Age, Adherence and Injection Drug use Predict Virological Suppression among Men and Women Enrolled in a Population-Based Antiretroviral Drug Treatment Programme
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To characterize 1-year virological response to antiretroviral therapy and its determinants by sex. METHODS: This is a population-based analysis of antiretroviral therapy naive HIV-positive adult men and women. Factors associated with sex and with plasma HIV RNA viral load suppression to below 500 copies/ml were examined using non-parametric tests and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 739 subjects (92 women and 647 men) were eligible. Female participants were younger (34 vs 37 years; P < 0.001), less likely to have AIDS (6.5 vs 14.4%; P = 0.039), more frequently injection drug users (44.6 vs 25.2%; P = 0.001) and were less likely to be adherent to therapy (34.8 vs 62.9%; P < 0.001) than male participants. There was no difference in baseline median CD4 count (P = 0.424) or HIV RNA levels (P = 0.140), physician experience (P = 0.057), or with respect to antiretroviral regimens containing protease inhibitors or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (P = 0.911). With treatment, 46.7% (43/92) of women and 64.8% (419/647) of men (P = 0.001) suppressed HIV RNA viral load to below 500 copies/ml at 1 year. In a multivariate analysis, the association of sex with HIV RNA response to antiretroviral therapy fell from statistical significance (odds ratio 1.18; 95% CI: 0.72-1.95) after adjusting for adherence, injection drug use and age. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that in this population-based setting, sex differences in 1-year virological response to antiretroviral therapy are explained by age, adherence and injection drug use.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".