Bibliographic record
Abstract
Metaphysics is the common claim of both eastern and western philosophy, and the heaven is an important category of Confucianism advocated by Confucius and Mencius. The theory of heaven has provided the metaphysical foundation for Confucianism, providing not only the cornerstone of their belief, but also the ultimate basis of the value system centered by ethics and the knowledge system of Confucianism. Key words: the theory of heaven, Confucius, Mencius, metaphysics Resume: La metaphysique est la recherche commune de la philosophie occidentale et chinoise , la Providence est une categorie importante de la doctrine de Confucius et Mencius . La doctrine de Providence offre la base metaphysique du systeme confucianiste , elle est non seulement la base de la croyance de confucianisme , mais aussi le fondement definitif du systeme de la cognition et celui des valeurs qui considerent le confucianisme comme le noyau de la vertu . Mots-cles: theorie de la Providence , Confucius , Mencius , metaphysique 摘 要：形而上學是中西哲學的共同訴求,天是孔孟儒學的重要範疇。孔孟天論為其儒學體系提供了形而上學的基礎，它不僅為孔孟儒學提供了信仰的基石，而且是儒家以倫理道德為核心的價值體系和知識體系的終極依據。 關鍵詞： 天論；孔子；孟子；形而上學
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.054 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".