An economical method to extract chondroitin sulphate-peptide from bovine nasal cartilage
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nakano, T., Ikawa, N. and Ozimek, L. 2000. An economical method to extract chondroitin sulphate-peptide from bovine nasal cartilage. Can. Agric. Eng. 42:205-208. Utilization of animal by products by extracting useful material is ofeconomic importance in the livestock industry. This report describes a simple low cost procedure to release chondroitin sulphate (CS) from bovine nasal cartilage without introducing any chemicals except acetic acid used for pH adjustment. More than 70% of total CS in nasal cartilage can be released as CS-peptide by incubation in water at pH 4.5 and 37°C. This is likely the most economical method currently available to extract CS from cartilage. Endogenous proteinases are probably involved in the release ofCS. The extract is boiled and dried at 90°C to obtain a crude CS preparation. The purity of CS can be improved approximately 1.4 fold by anion-exchange chromatography. This information may contribute to the development of a low cost method of preparation of CS for commercial purposes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".