Diversity Among <i>Potato virus Y</i> Isolates Obtained from Potatoes Grown in the United States
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Potato field isolates (Solanum tuberosum) of Potato virus Y (PVY) collected from the midwestern and western United States were characterized using serological, molecular, and biological assays. PVY field isolates were grouped into the previously defined categories: PVY(O), European PVY(NTN), North American PVY(NTN), and PVY(N:O) recombinant and four previously undefined groups. Studies reported here agree with published reports from Europe and elsewhere in North America as PVY isolates capable of causing veinal necrosis in tobacco indicator plants appear in high frequency. In contrast to European experiences, PVY tuber necrosis isolates have a PVY(O) coat protein rather than that of PVY(N). Several PVY(N:O) recombinant isolates induced potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD) in the highly susceptible potato cv. Yukon Gold. The PTNRD symptoms produced by these PVY(N:O) recombinants were atypical compared with lesions found on the same cultivar infected with either the European or North American PVY(NTN) isolates. These PVY(N:O) isolates produced a roughly circular, sunken necrotic lesion on the surface of the tuber instead of the typical external sunken ring pattern displayed by PVY(NTN) isolates. This study establishes the complex nature of PVY populations within the U.S. potato industry and clearly demonstrates the diverse nature of PVY in the United States.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it