NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE EFFECT OF VENOUS NEEDLE'S FLOW RATE AND ANGLE ON FLOW PARAMETERS OF A HEMODIALYSIS GRAFT
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arterio-Venous grafts, which are used for hemodialysis, frequently develop intimal hyperplasia in venous anastomosis which ultimately leads to graft failure. It is observed in different studies that the wall shear stress can be correlated to intimal hyperplasia development. Although high Arterio-Venous access blood flow has been implicated in the pathogenesis of graft stenosis, the role of needle's angle and flow rate during the hemodialysis procedure are relatively unexplored. Since the flow field in the region of the venous needle may be a source of damage, in the current study, a numerical investigation of the effect of venous needle's angle and flow rate on hemodynamic parameters of the flow inside a hemodialysis graft has been carried out. Five cases of different needle angles and flow rates with graft flow rate of 500 ml/min have been investigated. Results indicate that in lower angle and lower flow rates the risk of damage is less because of lower wall shear stress and more uniform shear stress distribution on graft wall.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".